The manifestations of poverty are multifaceted and diverse, and researchers have to resort to various tricks to identify the real driving forces for the processes associated with the formation of poverty. If the research is conducted by polling, the results should be evaluated both from the point of view of statistical importance and from the point of view of common sense, since the respondents can have their own perceptions of poverty and give answers in accordance with their own mental models. And these models they can not only not sound, but also follow them unconsciously. If the study is carried out by analyzing economic and other indicators, it is important to assess the reliability of the data obtained and their sources, since, especially in the case of official indicators, the relevant authorities tend to underestimate the poverty level.

Poverty is a scourge, and, above all, for developing countries. The underdevelopment of the infrastructure makes it almost impossible to find employment outside of the village, which greatly limits the individual's ability to overcome poverty. In industrialized countries, it seems that the causes of poverty are different, possibly related to the inactivity of social lifts, the enslavement of the social structure and inequality in the material and educational levels of various sections of the population.

Consideration of poverty from different sides will provide a more complete picture of how to overcome poverty in individual countries and around the world.

This special issue of the journal is dedicated to unifying the economic theories regarding the sustainability, introducing alternative measures if a nation is making true progress in improving its wellbeing, and discovering mathematical models related to sustainability-similar to the one related to biological systems. Authors are expected to provide their research results on panel data and suggest certain methods of analyzing the effects of panel data problems, cross-section dependence affecting the inference, panel unit root tests assuming cross-section independence; introduce new dynamic mathematical models related to sustainability.